Changes between Version 4 and Version 5 of TracStandalone

Timestamp:

Feb 23, 2026, 11:39:11 PM (9 hours ago)

Author:

trac

Comment:

--

TracStandalone

@@ -1 @@
-= Tracd =
+= Tracd
 
 Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
 It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
 
-== Pros ==
-
- * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
- * Fast: Should be almost as fast as the [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] version (and much faster than the [wiki:TracCgi CGI]), even more so since version 0.12 where the HTTP/1.1 version of the protocol is enabled by default
- * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
-
-== Cons ==
+== Pros
+
+ * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install Apache or any other web-server.
+ * Fast: Should be almost as fast as the [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi] version (and much faster than the [wiki:TracCgi CGI]), especially since the HTTP/1.1 version of the protocol is enabled by default.
+ * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code, for example in Trac itself or in a plugin.
+
+== Cons
 
  * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
- * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead,
-   or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
-
-== Usage examples ==
+
+== Usage examples
 
 A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
-Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
-{{{
+Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option.
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
 With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
 }}}
 
-You can't have the last portion of the path identical between the projects since Trac uses that name to keep the URLs of the
-different projects unique. So if you use `/project1/path/to` and `/project2/path/to`, you will only see the second project.
+You can't have the last portion of the path identical between the projects since Trac uses that name to keep the URLs of the different projects unique. So if you use `/project1/path/to` and `/project2/path/to`, you will only see the second project.
 
 An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
 }}}
 
-To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
-
-== Installing as a Windows Service ==
-
-=== Option 1 ===
-To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
-{{{
+There is support for the HTTPS protocol (//Since 1.3.4//). Specify the path to the PEM certificate file and keyfile using the `--certfile` and `--keyfile` options. You can specify just the `--certfile` option if you have a [https://docs.python.org/2/library/ssl.html#combined-key-and-certificate combined key and certificate].
+
+To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK`. Using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background.
+
+== Installing as a Windows Service
+
+=== Option 1
+
+To install as a Windows service, get the [https://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
+{{{#!cmd
  C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
- reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
+ reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe\" <your tracd parameters>"
  net start tracd
 }}}
 
-'''DO NOT''' use {{{tracd.exe}}}.  Instead register {{{python.exe}}} directly with {{{tracd-script.py}}} as a parameter.  If you use {{{tracd.exe}}}, it will spawn the python process without SRVANY's knowledge.  This python process will survive a {{{net stop tracd}}}.
+{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em;"
+**Attention:** Do not use `tracd.exe` directly. Instead register `python.exe` directly with `tracd.exe` as a parameter. If you use `tracd.exe`, it will spawn the Python process without SRVANY's knowledge. This Python process will survive a `net stop tracd`.
+}}}
 
 If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
-{{{
+{{{#!cmd
  sc config tracd start= auto
 }}}
@@ -65 +67 @@
 
 Three (string) parameters are provided:
-||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python26\ ||
+||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python27\ ||
 ||Application ||python.exe ||
-||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd-script.py -p 8080 ... ||
-
-Note that, if the !AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable ''and'' of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory.  This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point.
-(This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file, as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.)
-}}}
-
-For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
-{{{
-"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
-
+||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd.exe -p 8080 ... ||
+
+Note that, if the !AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable ''and'' of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory. This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point.
+This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.
+}}}
+
+For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [https://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
+{{{#!cmd
+"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe <your tracd parameters>"
 net start tracd
 }}}
 
-=== Option 2 ===
-
-Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
-
-=== Option 3 ===
+=== Option 2
+
+Use [https://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [https://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
+
+=== Option 3
 
 also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
 $ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects'
 $ net start tracd
 }}}
 
-== Using Authentication ==
-
-Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (htpasswd and htdigest) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without htpasswd or htdigest; see below for alternatives)
-
-Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux) may go undetected.
+== Using Authentication
+
+Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives.
+
+{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
+**Attention:** Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
+}}}
 
 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
 
 The general format for using authentication is:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
 }}}
@@ -117 +120 @@
 Examples:
 
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
@@ -123 +126 @@
 
 Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
@@ -131 +134 @@
 
 Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
@@ -137 +140 @@
 }}}
 
-=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
+=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
+
 This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
 
-  Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to
-  decode some htpasswd formats.  Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there
-  is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
+'''Note''': On Windows It is necessary to install the [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/passlib passlib] package in order to decode some htpasswd formats. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
 
 To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
 }}}
 then for additional users:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
 }}}
 
 Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
-{{{
- $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
 }}}
 
 For example:
-{{{
- $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
-}}}
-''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
-
-=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
-
-If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
+}}}
+
+'''Note:''' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
+
+=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
+
+If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
 
 Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
 
-=== Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
-
-Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd ; Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
-
-You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
-
-{{{
-#!python
-from optparse import OptionParser
-# The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
-try:
-    from hashlib import md5
-except ImportError:
-    from md5 import md5
-realm = 'trac'
-
-# build the options
-usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
-parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
-parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
-                  help="the username for whom to generate a password")
-parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
-                  help="the password to use")
-parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
-                  help="the realm in which to create the digest")
-(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
-
-# check options
-if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
-   parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
-if (options.realm is not None):
-   realm = options.realm
-   
-# Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
-kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
-print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
-}}}
-
-Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
-
-{{{
- $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
- $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
+=== Generating Passwords Without Apache
+
+Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
+
+Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in [https://trac.edgewall.org/browser/trunk/contrib contrib] (also available in the tar or zip archive):
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
+}}}
+
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
 }}}
 
 ==== Using `md5sum`
+
 It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
-{{{
+{{{#!sh
 user=
 realm=
@@ -225 +199 @@
 }}}
 
-== Reference ==
-
-Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
+== Reference
+
+Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd -h` or `tracd --help`):
 {{{
-Usage: tracd [options] [projenv] ...
-
-Options:
+usage: tracd [-h] [--version] [-e PARENTDIR | -s]
+             [-a DIGESTAUTH | --basic-auth BASICAUTH] [-p PORT] [-b HOSTNAME]
+             [--protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi}] [--certfile CERTFILE]
+             [--keyfile KEYFILE] [-q] [--base-path BASE_PATH]
+             [--http10 | --http11] [-r | -d] [--pidfile PIDFILE] [--umask MASK]
+             [--group GROUP] [--user USER]
+             [envs ...]
+
+positional arguments:
+  envs                  path of the project environment(s)
+
+options:
+  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
   --version             show program's version number and exit
-  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
-  -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth=DIGESTAUTH
+  -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir PARENTDIR
+                        parent directory of the project environments
+  -s, --single-env      only serve a single project without the project list
+  -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth DIGESTAUTH
                         [projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm]
-  --basic-auth=BASICAUTH
+  --basic-auth BASICAUTH
                         [projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm]
-  -p PORT, --port=PORT  the port number to bind to
-  -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME
+  -p PORT, --port PORT  the port number to bind to
+  -b HOSTNAME, --hostname HOSTNAME
                         the host name or IP address to bind to
-  --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp|fcgi
-  -q, --unquote         unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp)
-  --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.1
-  --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version (default)
-  -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR
-                        parent directory of the project environments
-  --base-path=BASE_PATH
+  --protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi}
+                        the server protocol (default: http)
+  --certfile CERTFILE   PEM certificate file for HTTPS
+  --keyfile KEYFILE     PEM key file for HTTPS
+  -q, --unquote         unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using the ajp
+                        protocol)
+  --base-path BASE_PATH
                         the initial portion of the request URL's "path"
+  --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol instead of HTTP/1.1
+  --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol (default)
   -r, --auto-reload     restart automatically when sources are modified
-  -s, --single-env      only serve a single project without the project list
   -d, --daemonize       run in the background as a daemon
-  --pidfile=PIDFILE     when daemonizing, file to which to write pid
-  --umask=MASK          when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in
-                        octal notation (default 022)
-  --group=GROUP         the group to run as
-  --user=USER           the user to run as
+  --pidfile PIDFILE     file to write pid when daemonizing
+  --umask MASK          when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in
+                        octal notation (default: 022)
+  --group GROUP         the group to run as
+  --user USER           the user to run as
 }}}
 
 Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
 
-== Tips ==
-
-=== Serving static content ===
-
-If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project, 
-it can also be used to distribute static content 
-(tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.)
-
-This static content should be put in the `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs` folder,
-and is accessed by URLs like `<project_URL>/chrome/site/...`.
-
-Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
-the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`, 
-which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax). 
-
- ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
+== Tips
+
+=== Serving static content
+
+If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project, it can also be used to distribute static content, such as tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.
+
+This static content should be put in the `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs` folder, and is accessed by URLs like `<project_URL>/chrome/site/...`.
+
+Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file, the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`, which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
 
 === Using tracd behind a proxy
@@ -289 +269 @@
 
 === Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
-It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using {{{--basic-auth}}}. There is some discussion about this in #9206.
+
+It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. See also [trac:#9206].
 
 Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
@@ -295 +276 @@
 First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
 
-{{{
+{{{#!apache
 <Location /project/proxified>
         Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
@@ -306 +287 @@
 
 Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory:
-{{{
-#!python
+{{{#!python
 from trac.core import *
 from trac.config import BoolOption
@@ -316 +296 @@
     implements(IAuthenticator)
 
-    obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false', 
-               """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins 
-                (''since ??.??').""") 
+    obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false',
+               """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins
+                (''since ??.??').""")
 
     def authenticate(self, req):
-        if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'): 
-            return req.get_header('Remote-User') 
+        if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'):
+            return req.get_header('Remote-User')
         return None
 
@@ -328 +308 @@
 
 Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
-{{{
-...
+{{{#!ini
 [trac]
 ...
@@ -337 +316 @@
 
 Run tracd:
-{{{
-tracd -p 8101 -r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
-}}}
-
-Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your [TracPlugins#Plugindiscovery global plugins_dir] and enable it in your global trac.ini.
+{{{#!sh
+tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
+}}}
+
+Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your [TracPlugins#Plugindiscovery global plugins_directory] and enable it in your global `trac.ini`.
 
 Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`):
-{{{
+{{{#!ini
 [components]
 remote-user-auth.* = enabled
@@ -354 +333 @@
 
 Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`):
-{{{
+{{{#!ini
 [inherit]
 file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
 }}}
 
-=== Serving a different base path than / ===
-Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
-{{{
+=== Serving a different base path than /
+
+Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is:
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
 }}}